Scopigno's publications with Visual Computing Lab
Publications in 2022
Heritage for the Future, Science for Heritage - A European Adventure for Research and Innovation - 2022
Leafing through the painting “Ecce Homo” by Antonello da Messina: multimodal imaging techniques and data-fusion
MA-XRF 2022 3rd Conference on the Use of Macroscopic XRF Scanning in Conservation, Art and Archaeology - 2022
Publications in 2021
EDIFIR, Volume 57, page 281-286 - 2021
Digital Transformation of Museums and Heritage Sites, page 297-315 - jun 2021
L`Erma di Bretschneider, Roma (Italia), Volume 66, page 225-233 - 2021
“Ecce Homo” by Antonello da Messina, from non-invasive investigations to data fusion and dissemination
Scientific Reports, Volume 11, Number 1, page 15868-15885 - 2021
Publications in 2019
8th International Workshop 3D-ARCH (3D-ARCH 2019), Bergamo, Italy, page 11 - 2019
Eurographics 2019 - Short papers, page 57--60 - May 2019
Analisi dei frammenti di sectilia vitrei dalla villa romana di Aiano-Torraccia di Chiusi (SI) e studio della tecnica di esecuzione
Atti del XXIV Colloquio AISCOM, page 605-617 - 2019
Signal Processing: Image Communication, Volume 77, page 28--39 - September 2019
Deformation analysis of Leonardo da Vinci's “Adorazione dei Magi” through temporal unrelated 3D digitization
Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 38, page 174--185 - 2019
Internet Archeology, Volume 52, Number 7 - 2019
Computer Graphics Forum - 2019
Edifir, Edizioni Firenze s.r.l., Firenze, page 145-154 - 2019
ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII-2/W10, page 151--158 - 2-3 May 2019
ACM Journ. on Computing and Cultural heritage, Volume 12, Number 3 - June 2019
Publications in 2018
Archeologia e Calcolatori, Volume 2018, Number 10, page 123-141 - 2018
Computational Visual Media - 2018
Proceedings ACM Web3D (International Symposium on 3D Web Technology), page 10 - 2018
Proceedings of the 7th Round Table on Polychromy in Ancient Sculpture and Architecture, page 200-207 - 2018
Developing and Maintaining a Web 3D Viewer for the CH Community: an Evaluation of the 3DHOP Framework
16th Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (2018), page 169-178 - 2018
Documenting past exhibitions. Why and how information technology could help to preserve dismantled shows
Uncommon Culture, Volume 7, Number 1, page 70-81 - 2018
Foundations and Trends® in Computer Graphics and Vision, Volume 10 (4) - 2018
ISPRS - The International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences, Volume XLII, Number 2, page 853-860 - may 2018
Proc. IVCNZ Image and Vision Conference New Zealand, page 1-6 - 2018
Computer & Graphics - 2018
Proceedings of PG 2018 Pacific Graphics (short paper) - 2018
Pacini Editore srl, page 145-157 - 2018
IEEE MNLP 2018 - Machine Learning and Natural Language Processing, page 5 - 2018
Publications in 2017
Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 29, page 89-99 - 2017
ACM Journ. on Computing and Cultural heritage, Volume 10, Number 3, page Article No. 18 - Aug. 2017
Computer & Graphics, Volume 68, page 119-128 - 2017
Dalla digitalizzazione alla riproduzione 3D, per lo studio e la presentazione di un’opera di arte moderna
Il Prato, page 9 -- 20 - 2017
Virtual Archaeology Review, Volume 8, Number 17, page 1-9 - July 2017
Bardi Edizioni, page 74-77 - 2017
Computer Graphics Forum, Volume 36, Number 1, page 6-21 - Jan. 2017
EDIFIR-OPD E240282, page 281-286 - 2017
15th Eurographics Workshops on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (EG GCH 2017), page 65-70 - September 2017
Sensing the Past - From artifact to historical site, Nicola Masini AND Francesco Soldovieri (Editors),Springer International Publishing AG, page 377-393 - 2017
SIGGRAPH Asia Symposium on Mobile Graphics and Interactive Applications 2017 - 2017
The 14th IAPR International Conference on Document Analysis and Recognition (ICDAR2017), page 683--690 - November 2017
Publications in 2016
XXIII ISPRS Congress, Volume XLI-B5, page 675-683 - July 2016
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 9769, page 158-171 - June 2016
EUROGRAPHICS Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (2016), page 1-4 - 2016
CAA2015, Volume 1, page 433-442 - 2016
GCH 2016 - Eurographics Workshop on Graphics and Cultural Heritage, page 1-10 - October 2016
Smart Tools and Apps for Graphics - Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference, page 99-107 - October 2016
STAG: Smart Tools and Apps for Graphics - 2016
Computer Graphics Forum (Presented at Eurographics 2016), Volume 35, Number 6, page 33--45 - 2016
Vision, Modeling and Visualization 2016 - 2016
STAG: Smart Tools and Apps for Graphics - 2016
MeshLab e Blender: software open source in supporto allo studio e alla ricostruzione virtuale della policromia antica
Proceedings of Archeofoss: Free, libre and open source software e open format nei processi di ricerca archeologica, page 210-218 - 2016
ACVR 2016 - 2016
SIGGRAPH Asia Symposium on Mobile Graphics and Interactive Applications 2016 - 2016
14th Eurographics Workshops on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (EG GCH 2016) - 2016
The 13th European Conference on Visual Media Production (CVMP) - December 2016
IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics - 2016
IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Volume 22, Number 9, page 2160 - 2173 - September 2016
Archeologia e Calcolatori, Volume 27, page 131-151 - dicembre 2016
Engineering Structures, Volume 116, Number 1, page 70-82 - june 2016
Computer Graphics Forum (special Issue of Pacific Graphics) - 2016
Journal of Archaeological Science: Reports, Volume 9, page 1-11 - October 2016
Publications in 2015
The Visual Computer - 2015
Computers & Graphics, Volume 52, page 129-141 - November 2015
Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 16, page 307-314 - May–June 2015
2015 Digital Heritage International Congress - Vol. 1 (Proc. of), Volume 1, page 223-231 - 2015
ACM Journ. on Computing and Cultural heritage, Volume 8, Number 3, page 1-20 - May 2015
Lecture Notes in Computer Science - special issue of ICIAP 2015, Volume 9279, page 282--293 - August 2015
2015 Digital Heritage International Congress - Vol. 1 (Proc. of), Volume 1, page 239-246 - 2015
1st International Conference on Metrology for Archaeology, page 43--48 - 2015
Computer & Graphics, Volume Volume 47, page 78–88 - April 2015
ERCIM News, Number 101, page 44-45 - april 2015
ISPRS Archives, Proceedings of 3D-ARCH Conference, Volume XL-5/W4, page 147-154 - March 2015
Computer Graphics Forum (Special issue of EUROGRAPHICS 2015), Volume 34, Number 2, page 627-641 - 2015
ACM Journ. on Computing and Cultural heritage, Volume 8, Number 1, page art.5 - feb 2015
2015 Digital Heritage International Congress - Vol. 1 (Proc. of), Volume 1, page 309--312 - September 2015
Publications in 2014
ERCIM News, Number 97, page 52-53 - April 2014
Museums and the Web 2014 - May 2014
EUSIPCO 2014: 22nd European Signal Processing Conference, page 1602--1606 - September 2014
Aracne, page 227-243 - December 2014
12th Eurographics Workshops on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (EG GCH 2014), page 75-85 - 2014
eXploreMaps: Efficient Construction and Ubiquitous Exploration of Panoramic View Graphcs of Complex 3D Environments
Computer Graphics Forum, 33(2), 2014. Proc. Eurographics 2014, To appear - 2014
ACM Trans. on Graphics - Presented at Siggraph Asia 2014, Volume 33, Number 1, page art.11 - January 2014
CHNT 18 - 18th International Conference on Cultural Heritage and New Technologies, page 1-9 - 2014
12th Eurographics Workshops on Graphics and Cultural Heritage (EG GCH 2014), page 145-154 - 2014
ACM Symposium on User Interface Software and Technology (UIST) 2014 Proc., page 419-428 - 2014
18 Conferenza Nazionale ASITA 2014, page 381-388 - 2014
STAG: Smart Tools and Apps for Graphics - September 2014
Museums and the Web 2014 - 2014
Lecture Notes on Computer Science LNCS 8355, Springer, page 18-35 - 2014
Publications in 2013
Proc. of Digital Heritage 2013 International Congress, Volume 1, page 529-536 - 2013
Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 14, Number 3, page 201-210 - May-June 2013
Artworks narrating a story: a modular framework for the integrated presentation of three-dimensional and textual contents
ACM WEB3D - 18th International Conference on 3D Web Technology, page 167-175 - June 2013
3DTV-Conference, 2013 International Conference on , page 318 - 325 - July 2013
Computer Graphics Forum, Volume 32, Number 7, page 411--420 - October 2013
International Journal of Computer Vision, Volume 102, Number 1-3, page 91-111 - March 2013
VISAPP 2013 - International Conference on Computer Vision Theory and Applications, page 31-40 - 2013
Digital Heritage 2013, page 39-46 - November 2013
Innovative uses of 3D digital technologies to assist the restoration of a fragmented terracotta statue
Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 14, Number 4, page 332-345 - July-Aug. 2013
MeshLab as a complete tool for the integration of photos and color with high resolution 3D geometry data
CAA 2012 Conference Proceedings, page 406-416 - 2013
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Volume 33, Number 2, page 86--96 - mar-apr 2013
Eurographics 2013 Short Papers, page 41--44 - May 2013
"Digital Heritage 2013" Int. Conf. Proc., Volume 1, page 31--38 - 2013
Publications in 2012
ASMOSIA X - International Conference, Rome, page In Press - May 2012
Computer Graphics Forum, Volume 31, Number 1, page 19--32 - February 2012
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Volume 32, Number 2, page 34--43 - March/April 2012
Computer Graphics Forum (Issue of Eurographics Symposium on Rendering 2012), Volume 31, Number 4, page 1491-1500 - 2012
Proceedings of SPIE Volume 8499: Applications of Digital Image Processing XXXV, Volume 8499 - Aug 2012
Machine Vision and Applications, Volume 23, Number 2, page 327--348 - march 2012
IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Volume 18, Number 6, page 914--924 - 2012
IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Volume 18, Number 3, page 463-474 - Mar 2012
From the Digitization of Cultural Artifacts to the Web Publishing of Digital 3D Collections: an Automatic Pipeline for Knowledge Sharing
Journal of Multimedia, Volume 7, Number 2, page 132-144 - May 2012
Insourcing, outsourcing and crowdsourcing 3D collection formation: perspectives for cultural heritage sites
VAST 2012 Symp. Proc., page 81--88 - 2012
EG 2012 - Posters, page 35-37 - 2012
Knowledge, science and enhancement of historical decaying buildings in Tuscany. The ArTeSalVa project
proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Heritage and Sustainable Development, Volume 3, page 1701 -- 1710 - June 2012
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Volume 32, Number 3, page 46-58 - May/June 2012
VAST 2012 Symp. Proc., page 49--56 - 2012
Proceedings of Eurographics Conference 2012 - Education Papers, page 25-32 - 2012
CAA 2012 Conference Proceeding, page 177--185 - 2012
Proceedings of Conference on Cultural Heritage and New Technologies (CHNT), page 1-13 - November 2012
Publications in 2011
IEEE Computer, Volume 44, Number 7, page 48-55 - July 2011
˜ 2011 INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON INDOOR POSITIONING AND INDOOR NAVIGATION (IPIN), 21-23 SEPTEMBER 2011, GUIMARAES, PORTUGAL - 2011
IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics (Proceedings of Visualization 2011), Volume 17, Number 12, page 1989-1996 - December 2011
Communications in Computer and Information Science (Proceedings of MM4CH Conference), Volume 247, page 14-26 - April 2011
Documentation and Interpretation of an Archeological Excavation: an Experience with Dense Stereo Reconstruction Tools
VAST: The 11th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, page 33-40 - October 2011
Annex to the Conference Proceedings: Areas Papers on HDR, page 57-62 - April 2011
International Journal of Computer Vision, Volume 94, Number 1, page 2-11 - 2011
VAST (Short papers): The 11th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, page 25-28 - 2011
ACM Journ. on Computing and Cultural heritage, Volume 4, Number 4 - April 2011
Proc. of 3D-ARCH 2011 - 4th Int. Workshop on 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures (Trento, 2-5 March 2011), Volume vol. XXXVIII-5/W16, page art. 29 - 2011
Digital Imaging for Cultural Heritage Preservation: Analysis, Restoration and Reconstruction of Ancient Artworks, Taylor and Francis, page 105--136 - 2011
Proceedings of 3D-ARCH 2011 - 2011
Digital Imaging for Cultural Heritage Preservation: Analysis, Restoration and Reconstruction of Ancient Artworks, Taylor and Francis, page 39--72 - 2011
Publications in 2010
Proceedings of WSCG, the 18th Int. Conference on Computer Graphics, Visualization and Computer Vision - 2010
BAR International Series , Volume 2118, page 189-194 - 2010
GRAPP - International Conference in Computer Graphics Theory and Applications - 2010
CAA 2010 Conference Proc., page 23-26 - 2010
ACM Journ. on Computers and Cultural heritag, Volume 3, Number 2 - set 2010
15th International Workshop on Vision, Modeling and Visualization - 2010
ACM Journ. on Computers and Cultural heritage, Volume 2, Number 4, page 1-20 - Feb. 2010
Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference 2010 - 2010
Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference 2010, page 81-88 - Nov 2010
The Visual Computer (special issue of CGI 2010), Volume 26, Number 6-9, page 583-593 - 2010
The 10th International Symposium on VAST International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, page 55-62 - Sep 2010
The Visual Computer (special issue of CGI 2010), Volume 26, Number 6-8, page 831-840 - 2010
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Volume 30, Number 4, page 74-89 - July/August 2010
Web3D 2010. 15th Conference on 3D Web technology - 2010
Proceedings of The Tenth International Conference on Computational Structures Technology (CST2010) - 2010
Proceedings of Eurographics Conference 2010 - Short Papers, page 97-100 - 2010
VAST 2010 The 11th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, page 1-8 - 2010
Web3D 2010. 15th Conference on 3D Web technology - 2010
Publications in 2009
The 10th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage VAST (2009), page 77-84 - 2009
Lecture Notes in Computer Science, Volume 5496, page 217-229 - may 2009
Image guided reconstruction of un-sampled data: a coherent filling for uncomplete Cultural Heritage models
IEEE Workshop on eHeritage and Digital Art Preservation, page In press - 2009
Image-to-Geometry Registration: a Mutual Information Method exploiting Illumination-related Geometric Properties
Computer Graphics Forum, Volume 28, Number 7, page 1755-1764 - 2009
The 10th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage VAST (2009), page 9-16 - 2009
The 10th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage VAST (2009), page 85-92 - 2009
The Visual Computer, Volume 25, Number 3, page 227-239 - 2009
Publications in 2008
The 9th International Symposium on VAST International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, page 9-16 - 2008
In Situ Monitoring of Nonumental Surfaces (SMW08), Intern. Workshop Proc., Florence Oct. 27-29, 2008, page 67-76 - 2008
EDIFIR, Edizioni Firenze, page 69-72 - 2008
Mapping highly detailed color information on extremely dense 3D models: the case of David’s restoration
Computer Graphics Forum, Volume 27, Number 8, page 2178-2187 - 2008
Computer & Graphics, Volume 32, Number 4, page 464--473 - Aug 2008
Advances in Remote Sensing for Archaeology and Cultural Heritage management (Workshop Proc., Rome 30 September - 4 October, 2008), page 243--245 - October 2008
Sixth Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference, page 7-14 - 2008
3DPVT08: Fourth International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization and Transmission, page 89-96 - June 2008
Sixth Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference, page 57-64 - 2008
Computer Graphics Forum (Special Issue - Pacific Graphics 2008 Proc.), Volume 27, Number 7, page 1719-1727 - 2008
ACM Journ. on Computers and Cultural heritag, Volume 1, Number 1, page ??-?? - 2008
8th. World Congress on Computational Mechanics (WCCM8), June 30 – July 5, 2008, Venice, Italy, page (in press) - 2008
AXMEDIS 2008 - 4th Int. Conf. on Automated Solutions for Cross-Media Content and Multi-channel Distribution, Florence (IT), Nov. 17-19, 2008, page (in press) - 2008
IEEE Computer Graphics and Applications, Volume 28, Number 1, page 44-55 - Jan.-Febr. 2008
Publications in 2007
Proceedings of Electronic imaging & the visual arts, EVA 2007 Florence, - March 2007
Archeologia e Calcolatori, Volume 18, page 163-179 - Dicembre (Supplemento 1) 2007
Il CNR e le strategie di conservazione del Patrimonio Culturale, CNR, page 133-138 - 2007
Mapping highly detailed color information on extremely dense 3D models: the case of David’s restoration
Proceedings of Eurographics Conference - Cultural Heritage Papers - 2007
The Ninth IASTED International Conference on Computer Graphics and Imaging - CGIM 2007, page 27--34 - 2007
From survey to the project: Heritage and Historical Town Centres, page 172-177 - 2007
Computer Graphics Forum, Volume 26, Number 3 - Sept. 2007
Eurographics Italian Chapter Conference 2007 - 2007
The 8th International Symposium on VAST International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, page 117--124 - Nov 2007
O3A: Optics for Arts, Architecture, and Archaeology, 20-22 June 2007, Munich (D), Volume 6618, page 0E1-0E8 - 2007
Publications in 2006
Computer & Graphics, Volume 30, Number 3, page 368--376 - 2006
Journal of Cultural Heritage, Volume 7, Number 3, page 214--226 - 2006
Fourth Eurographics Italian Chapter 2006, page 29--36 - 2006
The 7th International Symposium on VAST International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage, page 179--186 - nov 2006
10 Conferenza Nazionale ASITA 2006 - 2006
Fourth Eurographics Italian Chapter 2006, page 213--218 - 2006
La Cattedrale di Pisa nella Piazza dei Miracoli: un rilievo 3D per l’integrazione con i sistemi informativi di documentazione storica e di restauro
Restauro 2006: Salone dell'Arte del Restauro e della Conservazione dei Beni Culturali e Ambientali, Acropoli srl - 2006
La Cattedrale di Pisa: Un rilievo 3D per l'integrazione con i sistemi informativi di documentazione storica e di restauro
Architetti: Idee, Cultura e Progetto, Number 6/7, page 10--11 - jun--jul 2006
Fourth Eurographics Italian Chapter 2006, page 177-182 - 2006
Reflection Transformation Imaging on Larger Objects: an Alternative Method for Virtual Representation
British Archeological Reports - 2nd International Conference on Remote Sensing Archaeology, Volume 1568 - dec 2006
The 7th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Cultural Heritage (VAST 2006), page 100--110 - nov. 2006
Publications in 2005
Computer & Graphics, Volume 29, Number 1, page 125-133 - feb 2005
International Journal of Shape Modeling, Volume 11, Number 1, page 1--23 - jun 2005
3D Digital Imaging and Modeling: Applications of Heritage, Industry, Medicine and Land, Workshop Italy-Canada - 17-18 May 2005 2005
Proceedings IEEE Visualization, page 207-214 - October 2005
International Symposium on the CREST Digital Archiving Project, page 58-64 - Mar. 8--9 2005
Computer Graphics Forum, Volume 24, Number 3, page 517-526 - 2005
Mc Graw Hill - 2005
Laser Scanner e GPS: Paesaggi Archeologici e Tecnologie Digitali, page 41--68 - 4 Marzo 2005
Multimedia Information@DEsign for Cultural Heritage, Milan, 5 Apr. 2005 - 2005
The Visual Computer, Volume 21, Number 8-10, page 619--628 - sep 2005
International Workshop on Recording, Modeling and Visualization of Cultural Heritage, 22 - 27 May 2005, Centro Stefano Franscini, Monte Verità, Ascona, Switzerland - 2005
Realistic realtime illumination of complex environment for immersive systems a case study: the Parthenon
SPIE International Symposium on Optical Metrology, 13-17 June 2005, Munich, Germany - 2005
Tools for inverse mapping and visualization of multi-spectral image data on 3D scanned representations of drawings
SPIE International Symposium on Optical Metrology, 13-17 June 2005, Munich, Germany - 2005
Graphics Tools – The JGT Editors’ Choice, A. K. Peters Ltd., page 89--92 - 2005
Int. Workshop 3D-ARCH'2005 - 3D Virtual Reconstruction and Visualization of Complex Architectures, August 22-24, 2005, Mestre-Venice, Italy - 2005
Publications in 2004
Adaptive TetraPuzzles: Efficient Out-of-Core Construction and Visualization of Gigantic Multiresolution Polygonal Models
ACM Trans. on Graphics, Volume 23, Number 3, page 796-803 - 2004
VAST 2004 - 2004
VAST 2004 - 2004
Masaccio and Masolino, Phaidon Press Inc. - 2004
Exploring David - Diagnostic Tests and State of Conservation, Giunti, page 39-54 - 2004
ACM-EG Symp. on Parallel Graphics and Visualization (EGPGV04), page 67-74 - 2004
The Visualization Handbook, Academic Press, page 63-76 - 2004
ACM Trans. on Graphics, Volume 23, Number 3, page 695-703 - Aug 2004
VDA 2004, IST/SPIE International Symposium on Electronic Imaging Conf. Proc. - 2004
IEEE Potentials, IEEE Comp. Soc., Volume 23, Number 5, page 4-7 - 2004
Second International Symposium on 3D Data Processing, Visualization & Transmission - 2004
IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Volume 10, Number 1, page 29-45 - Feb 2004
Geometric Modeling for Scientific Visualization - 2004
The Visual Computer, Volume 20, Number 2, page 149 – 164 - May 2004
IEEE Computer Graphics & Applications, Volume 24, Number 2 - 2004
Publications in 2003
Second Annual Conference of Eurographics Italian Chapter - 2003
Computer Graphics Forum, Volume 22, Number 3, page 505-514 - sept 2003
8th International Fall Workshop on VISION, MODELING, AND VISUALIZATION 2003 - 2003
Second Annual Conference of Eurographics Italian Chapter - 2003
Proc. of 4th International Conference on 3D Digital Imaging and Modeling (3DIM 2003) - 2003
IEEE Transaction on Visualization and Computer Graphics, Volume 9, Number 4, page 525-537 - oct 2003
Kermes, Nardini Editore, Volume XVI, Number 49, page 45-49 - 2003
Proc. of IEEE Visualization 2003, page 147-155 - 2003
Second Annual Conference of Eurographics Italian Chapter - 2003
Lacona V – 5th International Conference on Lasers in the Conservation of Artworks - 2003
SPIE Int. Symposium on Optical Metrology, Volume 5146, page 44-53 - 2003
4th International Symposium on Virtual Reality, Archaeology and Intelligent Cultural Heritage (VAST2003) - 2003
Proc. of IEEE Visualization 2003, page 60-67 - 2003